NED
General System description
System name: NED
NED was originally an acronym for the northeast decision model; however, since 1995 when development was expanded to include other regions of North America, the reference to the northeastern United States was dropped, and the name is now simply NED.
Brief overview
NED is a set of computer-based tools for forest ecosystem management designed to allow the analysis of the trade-offs required when managing for multiple benefits.
Contents
Scope of the system
NED-2 is a DSS designed to help professional forest managers to evaluate current and future conditions of their forest under alternative scenarios. It uses a goal-driven approach to the analysis of inventory data and simulated plans, which distinguishes NED-2 from other available DSS or inventory processing tools. Additional tools are usable by general public, school children, and forest landowners.
System origin
- Development has been led by USDA Forest Service's Northeastern Research Station, but includes many collaborators from other federal agencies, universities, state governments and private consulting foresters throughout the eastern United States.
- NED has been developed as a goal-driven system with the intent of providing useful and scientifically credible information for project-level planning to natural resources managers.
Support for specific issues
The resource goals addressed by NED include timber production, visual qualities, water quality and quantity, wildlife habitat, forest health, and ecology.
Support for specific thematic areas of a problem type
- Silvicultural
- Certification
- Conservation
- Restoration
- Development choices / land use zoning
- Policy/intervention alternatives
- Sustainability impact assessment (SIA)
Capability to support decision making phases
(NOTE I do not quite know what to do with this, as I do not understand it myself, although it seems related to system use)
- Intelligence (+ explicit description of the support given by the DSS)
- Design (+ explicit description of the support given by the DSS)
- Choice (+ explicit description of the support given by the DSS)
- Monitor (+ explicit description of the support given by the DSS)
Related systems
NED tools:
Data and data models
Typical spatial extent of application
Both forest and stand level. The system design allows including inventories from multiple stands within a property or management unit.
Forest data input
Depending on the users' objectives. To enable analyses for the full variety of resources a fairly detailed inventory of the forested property is needed, usually including plot data from trees, shrubs, ground flora, and down woody material, but NED will also run with minimal data sets if the user only wants timber inventory summaries, for example. There is also an import facility to allow the conversion of data files generated elsewhere that have been converted to formatted text to be imported into NED 2.
Type of information input from user (via GUI)
The users have to address their goals within the above mentioned ones.
Models
Forest models
Growth, Yield, Carbon, Wood quality, biodiversity and habitat suitability, environmental and external effects (fire, storms, pests, diseases, climate change, etc)
Social models
historical and cultural values of sites, values due to peace and quiet, esthetic values, values due to recreational activities, ethical values): E. g. Recreation, Health, Game
Decision Support
Definition of management interventions
Define what is available for the manager to intervene in the forest: time of harvest, plantations, thinnings, reconversions... Existence of prescription writer, simple enumeration of all possibilities, scenario simulation , etc.
Typical temporal scale of application
Define the temporal scale of the application: E.g., operational and immediate level, Tactical planning (short term) and strategic level.
Types of decisions supported
- Management level
- strategic decisions
- administrative decisions
- operating control decisions
- Management function
- planning decisions
- organizing decisions
- command decisions
- control decisions
- coordination decisions
- decision making situation
- unilateral
- collegial
- Bargaining / participative decision making
Decision-making processes and models
- Logic modeling
- Operations research modeling
- Direct approaches
- Heuristic manipulation of simulation models
- Business modeling
- Simulation (with and without stochasticity)
- Multiple criteria/ranking
- Other
Output
Types of outputs
RESULTS
Besides the showed results in the own application, it includes some data export functions; an export function to ArcMap (the NED analysis itself is not spatially explicit, but it does include this export function of summarized data as attribute layers) and the capability to create some third-party external models for the FVS growth simulator and for the SVS data visualization package.
Spatial analysis capabilities
- integrated capabilities
- facilitates links to GIS (wizards, etc.)
- provides standard data import/export formats
- allows spatial analysis (e.g. topology overlays (e.g. multi layering of different maps, selection of objects based on selection criteria, aggregation by attributes (e.g. areas of similar characteristics), Linking by logical means, Statistics by area, analysis with digital terrain model)
Abilities to address interdisciplinary, multi-scaled, and political issues
Evaluate interactions between different basic information types (biophysical, economic, social). Produce coordinated results for decision makers operating at different spatial scales facilitate social negotiation and learning
System
System requirements
- Operating Systems: Microsoft Windows OS
- Other software needed: The inventories input data file format is .mdb, a Microsoft Access database, although MS Access being not required to run NED. For the third-party external models, external software such as FVS, SVS or ArcGIS is required.
- Development status: version 2.0 is now available.
Architecture and major DSS components
The software interface is written in C++ and uses Prolog components to manage the knowledge bases and the handling of third-party external models, such as the FVS growth simulator, the SVS data visualization package, and ArcGIS.
Usage
- The primarily application of NED software is among private consulting foresters in the eastern United States, where regular users number in the hundreds. The software is also used extensively in forestry classrooms in colleges and universities.
Computational limitations
Describe the system limitations: e.g. number of management units, number of vehicles, time horizon
User interface
Describe the quality of user interface and the Prerequisite knowledge for using the system
Documentation and support
Describe the connection to Help-system and possibilities for assistance, as well as the required training and user support levels
Installation
- Prerequisite knowledge: Level of effort to become functional
- Cost: free to download at the NED website
References
Cited references
External resources
Web page: http://nrs.fs.fed.us/tools/ned/products/ned2/
REYNOLDS K.M., TWERY M., LEXER M.J., VACIK H., RAY D., SHAO G,. et BORGES J.G.: Decision Support Systems in Forest Management IN BURSTEIN F. et HOLSAPPLE C. W. (EDS.) (2008): Handbook on Decision Support Systems 2: Variations. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 800 pp.
