Case-Lessons by WG themes matrix

| A financial analysis is an important component in the discussion about the preferences of different || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| A more informative output should be generated with clear graphs and maps indicating long-term || Dss development process||Participation |-

| Actor Network Theory provides a suitable lens for exploring both technical and human aspects of DSS institutionalization in the forestry domain || |-

| Adapting the software to make it possible to easily include also the output of other mechanistic || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| Afforestion and deforestation options should be included in the management options || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| An iterative process of presenting results to subject matter experts enabled them to better || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| An optimisation module comparing alternative scenarios based on multi-criteria analysis should be || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| Analysis at the landscape level allowed the integration of concerns about multiple resources as well || Models & techniques||Knowledge management |-

| As the core of forest DSS are models describing the development of trees and stands (growth and || Models & techniques |-

| DSS allowed to explain better some technical concepts to non-professional stakeholders || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| DSS can help in varying the treatment according to more than one forest function || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| DSS helped document and apply decision criteria consistently, and therefore produced a more || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| Decision criteria beyond the state of the ecosystem (for example, social values fire risk, economic || |-

| Despite the widely use and acceptance of the DSS there was still a lack of expertise to || Models & techniques||Knowledge management |-

| Embedding a DSS in a GIS software allows obtaining information at different spatial scales using the || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| Enabling the analyses of several ecosystem services (timber and non-timber resources) in one and the || Models & techniques |-

| End user engagement throughout the development and deployment cycle is very important || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| Enlarge the decision space by generating a large set of potential management alternatives || Dss development process |-

| Enlarged decision space || Dss development process||Knowledge management |-

| Forest managers have to analyze how their forest management interventions effect the landscape || Models & techniques||Knowledge management |-

| From a management perspective, to avoid the complication of testing something new, the models used || Models & techniques |-

| Getting joint funding from both the forest and environmental sectors can be a successfull for || Dss development process||Participation |-

| Group participation with knowledgeable people is a good way to ensure that the decision hierarchy is || Participation |-

| Interpretative case studies can help reduce the gap between research and practice || Knowledge management||Participation |-

| It is necessary to know which data will be use as variables in the models before designing the DSS || Dss development process||Knowledge management |-

| It should be possible to specify the rotation time of a species not only by age but also by target || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| It would have been better to involve some end users at earlier stages of the system development || Dss development process||Participation |-

| Lack of proper documentation and support services (manual, website, etc) can severely limit the || Dss development process |-

| Model building was rapid, it was assembling the data that took by far the most time || Knowledge management |-

| Modular approach helpful in assisting industry uptake || Dss development process |-

| Multiple DSS are often needed to meet complex needs || Models & techniques |-

| Need for new models for the later use of a tool || |-

| Need of a moderator function || Participation |-

| Need of flexibilization of analytical tools - no overdesigned tool that provides too much features for the use || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| Neighbourhood interrelations should be included in the generator || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| Operational aspects of the system should be enhanced || Dss development process |-

| Pareto Frontier Techniques are useful for multi-criteria forest management planning || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| Plan the system architecture based on a broad view of future possibilities || Dss development process |-

| Projection of stand development increases knowledge base || Models & techniques||Knowledge management |-

| Provide a simple version of the DSS, which new users can try out and learn quickly || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| Provide missing help-documentation service || Dss development process||Knowledge management |-

| Providing procedures and structure for data flow from selection of field sample, performing field || Models & techniques |-

| Regular ongoing engagement helped maintain interest of users || Knowledge management |-

| Requirement of specialized skills can discourage some potential users || Knowledge management |-

| Results are always strongly dependent on the quality of the underlying data || Models & techniques||Knowledge management |-

| Running the DSS required special skills, therefore the local planning team required considerable || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| SIPAFIT can act sometimes as a referee to settle arguments among experts, users and stakeholders || Dss development process||Participation||Knowledge management |-

| SIPAFIT sub-systems have been useful in training activities, and can be very useful to explain and || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| Spatial variation between regions led to the development of different regional models, which led to || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| Stakeholder involvement || |-

| Stakeholder involvement in DSS design || |-

| Stakeholders contribution in ranking forest functions || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| Students studying forest management planning procedures and processes were very useful product testers || Dss development process||Participation |-

| The DSS gave the forest manager the opportunity to experiment how their emphasis towards certain || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| The DSS models built must match the knowledge of the local forest managers, so the ability for local || Dss development process||Participation||Knowledge management |-

| The DSS usage enabled the planning team to measure the achievement of the restoration goals || Knowledge management |-

| The ProgettoBosco working methodology, based on cooperation, successive approximations and || Dss development process||Participation |-

| The activation of an iterative process through periodical meetings permitted to all the stakeholders || Participation |-

| The adoption of the collaborative learning method made possible to gradually select the conceptual || Dss development process||Participation |-

| The analysis of the actor network interactions allowed to identify the criticalities to be solved in order to develop the collaborative process || Participation |-

| The analysis team used internal prototyping, which helped train the staff and identify possible || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| The choice to develop the system in an Excel environment was based on the status of computer || Dss development process |-

| The definition of standardized and specific criteria for selecting and zoning forest compartment || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| The development of large and enduring systems requires a long term approach || Dss development process |-

| The fact that ProgettoBosco is conceived according to the criteria and indicators of sustainable || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| The kinds of DSS traditionally used to calculate timber harvest levels are now being used to model || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| The scope of the modeling project can change significantly during the project || Dss development process||Knowledge management |-

| The software did not provide much support for formatting of the outputs in a format that could be || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| The tracing of the actor network supported the identification of the key actors influencing the collaborative DSS implementation and institutionalization || Participation |-

| The tracing of the current actor network interactions made the group realize that they need a different kind of stakeholders from what they previously thought || Dss development process||Participation |-

| The use of EMDS allowed the planning team to identify priority area for restoration treatments that || Knowledge management |-

| The use of structured output (maps, tables and charts) makes the methodology and the results more || Dss development process||Knowledge management |-

| The use of the DSS improved communication among the planning team by providing a framework of the || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| The user has to be aware of the possibly large impact that the chosen land indicators and threshold || Models & techniques||Participation |-

| The very easy user-friendly interface of the software and the clearness of method can be exploited || Dss development process |-

| To compare the current and the past quantitative-qualitative parameters of the forest, great effort || Dss development process||Models & techniques |-

| To meet the needs of customer - the Forest Service - and to obtain satisfying results the || Dss development process||Participation||Knowledge management |-

| Use of adequate DSS development methodology || |-

| Use of the DSS has been considered successful by the participating organizations, even though it has || Participation||Knowledge management |-

| Users preferred enhanced functionality rather than useability || Dss development process||Knowledge management |-

| Using Actor Network Theory in the design stage can help in understanding the dynamism of the network || Dss development process||Participation |-

| Visualization of the preliminary actor network made the people explicity include the DSS in a planning process || Knowledge management||Participation |-